Petersburg-Warsaw Railway, covered with wooden structures on cast-iron columns, soon had to be strengthened with iron.
In Kovano in workshops built in 1862., The wooden roof and farms in the side spans had to be strengthened with iron sprenigs, and on the average span to put an iron puff, since the undergone iron beams came out of their plane. Similar strengthening of wooden structures had to be made in Tula workshops, where there were no trunk beams in the longitudinal direction; they had to be made in the form.
It was known to Russian engineers who carefully monitor the development of technology in Europe that in Europe, the new technique had the need to build multi -span buildings. More recently, the best English rail -rolling plant in Dortmund was located in a low squat building with a central span blocked by a lattice beam. In those years, such premises were no longer suitable for production. As you can see, the tops of cast -iron columns in five spans are unleashed in transverse and longitudinal directions with lattice iron beams, and English rafter farms with a raised lower belt are used to arrange the roofing of the roof.
Schemes of English industrial buildings 1860-1870. They say that the rafter farms and arches did not seem to the designer hard enough for the ties of the body in the transverse direction. But, perhaps, the designers were right, since the rafter farms in those days were made with hinges in nodes and often from non -alphabetic profiles, so they took care of the denouement of the corps columns in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
In Russia, in industrial buildings, similar designs were also common. By the end of the century, they were subjected to significant and a cut of a rolling metallurgical plant in the Urals, built in 1893-1896. Changes occurred precisely due to the device of farms with strict nodes and a complex system of relations.